A large number of empirical studies on applying self-attention models in the domain of recommender systems are based on offline evaluation and metrics computed on standardized datasets, without insights on how these models perform in real life scenarios. Moreover, many of them do not consider information such as item and customer metadata, although deep-learning recommenders live up to their full potential only when numerous features of heterogeneous types are included. Also, typically recommendation models are designed to serve well only a single use case, which increases modeling complexity and maintenance costs, and may lead to inconsistent customer experience. In this work, we present a reusable Attention-based Fashion Recommendation Algorithm (AFRA), that utilizes various interaction types with different fashion entities such as items (e.g., shirt), outfits and influencers, and their heterogeneous features. Moreover, we leverage temporal and contextual information to address both short and long-term customer preferences. We show its effectiveness on outfit recommendation use cases, in particular: 1) personalized ranked feed; 2) outfit recommendations by style; 3) similar item recommendation and 4) in-session recommendations inspired by most recent customer actions. We present both offline and online experimental results demonstrating substantial improvements in customer retention and engagement.

Over the past years, fashion-related challenges have gained a lot of attention in the research community. Outfit generation and recommendation, i.e., the composition of a set of items of different types (e.g., tops, bottom, shoes, accessories) that go well together, are among the most challenging ones. That is because items have to be both compatible amongst each other and also personalized to match the taste of the customer. Recently there has been a plethora of work targeted at tackling these problems by adopting various techniques and algorithms from the machine learning literature. However, to date, there is no extensive comparison of the performance of the different algorithms for outfit generation and recommendation. In this paper, we close this gap by providing a broad evaluation and comparison of various algorithms, including both personalized and non-personalized approaches, using online, real-world user data from one of Europe's largest fashion stores. We present the adaptations we made to some of those models to make them suitable for personalized outfit generation. Moreover, we provide insights for models that have not yet been evaluated on this task, specifically, GPT, BERT and Seq-to-Seq LSTM.

Large-scale generative models show an impressive ability to perform a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks using in-context learning, where a few examples are used to describe a task to the model. For Machine Translation (MT), these examples are typically randomly sampled from the development dataset with a similar distribution as the evaluation set. However, it is unclear how the choice of these in-context examples and their ordering impacts the output translation quality. In this work, we aim to understand the properties of good in-context examples for MT in both in-domain and out-of-domain settings. We show that the translation quality and the domain of the in-context examples matter and that 1-shot noisy unrelated example can have a catastrophic impact on output quality. While concatenating multiple random examples reduces the effect of noise, a single good prompt optimized to maximize translation quality on the development dataset can elicit learned information from the pre-trained language model. Adding similar examples based on an n-gram overlap with the test source significantly and consistently improves the translation quality of the outputs, outperforming a strong kNN-MT baseline in 2 out of 4 out-of-domain datasets.

Knowledge about space and time is necessary to solve problems in the physical world: An AI agent situated in the physical world and interacting with objects often needs to reason about positions of and relations between objects; and as soon as the agent plans its actions to solve a task, it needs to consider the temporal aspect (e.g., what actions to perform over time). Spatio-temporal knowledge, however, is required beyond interacting with the physical world, and is also often transferred to the abstract world of concepts through analogies and metaphors (e.g., "a threat that is hanging over our heads"). As spatial and temporal reasoning is ubiquitous, different attempts have been made to integrate this into AI systems. In the area of knowledge representation, spatial and temporal reasoning has been largely limited to modeling objects and relations and developing reasoning methods to verify statements about objects and relations. On the other hand, neural network researchers have tried to teach models to learn spatial relations from data with limited reasoning capabilities. Bridging the gap between these two approaches in a mutually beneficial way could allow us to tackle many complex real-world problems, such as natural language processing, visual question answering, and semantic image segmentation. In this chapter, we view this integration problem from the perspective of Neuro-Symbolic AI. Specifically, we propose a synergy between logical reasoning and machine learning that will be grounded on spatial and temporal knowledge. Describing some successful applications, remaining challenges, and evaluation datasets pertaining to this direction is the main topic of this contribution.

在这项工作中，我们介绍了亲和力-VAE：基于其相似性在多维图像数据中自动聚类和对象分类的框架。该方法扩展了$ \ beta $ -vaes的概念，其基于亲和力矩阵驱动的知情相似性损失组件。与标准的$ \ beta $ -VAE相比，该亲和力VAE能够在潜在表示中创建旋转不变的，形态上均匀的簇，并具有改进的群集分离。我们探讨了2D和3D图像数据上潜在空间的潜在分离和连续性的程度，包括模拟的生物电子冷冻术（Cryo-ET）体积，作为科学应用的一个例子。

社会对社交媒体的依赖不断增长，用户为新闻和信息产生的内容增强了不可靠的资源和虚假内容的影响，这使公众讨论并减少了对媒体的信任。验证此类信息的可信度是一项艰巨的任务，容易受到确认偏见的影响，从而开发了算法技术以区分假新闻和真实新闻。但是，大多数现有的方法都具有挑战性的解释，使得难以建立对预测的信任，并在许多现实世界中（例如，视听功能或出处的可用性）做出不现实的假设。在这项工作中，我们专注于使用可解释的功能和方法对文本内容的虚假新闻检测。特别是，我们开发了一个深层的概率模型，该模型使用各种自动编码器和双向长期记忆（LSTM）网络（LSTM）网络与语义主题相关的特征从贝叶斯混合模型推断出来。使用3个现实世界数据集的广泛的实验研究表明，我们的模型可与最先进的竞争模型达到可比的性能，同时促进从学习的主题中解释模型。最后，我们进行了模型消融研究，以证明整合神经嵌入和主题特征的有效性和准确性是通过在较低维嵌入中可分离性评估性能和定性性来定量的。

当前有效的微调方法（例如，适配器，前缀调整等）通过培训一小组神经语言模型的额外参数进行优化的条件文本生成，同时冻结其余效率。虽然在某些一代任务中显示出强大表现，但它们不会概括所有一代任务。在这项工作中，我们表明可以提高基于迅速的条件文本生成，简单而有效的方法模拟了人类书面文本的话语结构建模。我们介绍了两个关键设计选择：首先，我们表明人写文本的更高级别的话语结构可以用前缀参数上的\ Textit {分层阻塞}建模，使得能够跨越输入和输出文本的不同部分，并产生更长度的输出几代人。其次，我们通过在网络上的不同层的前缀参数上引入\ texit {注意稀疏性}来提出稀疏的前缀调整，并分别学习SoftMax函数上的稀疏变换。我们发现稀疏的注意力使前缀调整能够更好地控制输入内容（突出事实），从而更有效地调整前缀参数。在各种文本生成任务上的实验表明，前缀参数的结构化设计可以实现可比的结果，以微调所有参数，同时即使在低资源设置中也表现出所有生成任务的标准前缀调整。

MINED BITEXTS可以包含不完美的翻译，从而产生神经机翻译（NMT）的不可靠的训练信号。在已知过滤这样的对以提高最终模型质量的情况下，我们认为它在低资源条件下是次优的，甚至开采数据可以限制。在我们的工作中，我们提出了通过自动编辑来改进挖掘的BIESTS：给出语言XF中的句子，而且可能是IT XE的不完美翻译，我们的模型生成了一个修订的版本XF'或XE'，产生更等值翻译对（即<XF，XE'或<XF'，XE>）。我们使用一个简单的编辑策略（1）挖掘在给定的BITExt中的每个句子的潜在不完美的翻译，（2）学习一个模型来重建原始翻译并以多任务方式翻译。实验表明，我们的方法在大多数情况下，在大多数情况下，我们的方法成功地提高了5个低资源语言对和10个翻译方向，在大多数情况下改善了竞争反播基线。

最近在单语数据和机器翻译（MT）进行微调的预培训方面取得了成功，但尚不清楚如何最好地利用预先训练的模型来完成给定的MT任务。本文在微调MT上的预训练模型时研究了冻结参数的好处和缺点。我们专注于1）微调仅在英语单语言数据的BART上训练的模型。2）微调一个模型，该模型对25种语言的单语言数据进行了培训，Mbart。对于Bart，我们通过冻结大多数模型参数并添加额外的位置嵌入来获得最佳性能。对于MBART，我们将大多数语言对的天真微调的性能与编码器以及大多数解码器搭配。编码器的注意参数对于微调最重要。当将自己限制为越南人对英语的室外训练套装时，我们看到了基线的最大进步。

This paper demonstrates that multilingual denoising pre-training produces significant performance gains across a wide variety of machine translation (MT) tasks. We present mBART -a sequence-to-sequence denoising auto-encoder pre-trained on large-scale monolingual corpora in many languages using the BART objective . mBART is the first method for pre-training a complete sequence-to-sequence model by denoising full texts in multiple languages, while previous approaches have focused only on the encoder, decoder, or reconstructing parts of the text. Pre-training a complete model allows it to be directly fine tuned for supervised (both sentence-level and document-level) and unsupervised machine translation, with no task-specific modifications. We demonstrate that adding mBART initialization produces performance gains in all but the highest-resource settings, including up to 12 BLEU points for low resource MT and over 5 BLEU points for many document-level and unsupervised models. We also show it also enables new types of transfer to language pairs with no bi-text or that were not in the pre-training corpus, and present extensive analysis of which factors contribute the most to effective pre-training.